Famous physicists' statements
about quantum mechanics:
Richard P. Feynman on Quantum
Mechanics, from The Character Of Physical Law, Ch. 6 (emphasis added):
Electrons, when they were first
discovered, behaved exactly like particles or bullets, very simply. Further
research showed, from electron diffraction experiments for example, that they
behaved like waves. As time went on there was a growing confusion about how
these things really behaved ---- waves or particles, particles or waves?
Everything looked like both.
This growing confusion was
resolved in 1925 or 1926 with the advent of the correct equations for quantum
mechanics. Now we know how the electrons and light behave. But what can I call
it? If I say they behave like particles I give the wrong impression; also if I
say they behave like waves. They behave in their own inimitable way, which
technically could be called a quantum mechanical way. They behave in a way that
is like nothing that you have seen before. Your experience with things that you
have seen before is incomplete. The behavior of things on a very tiny scale is
simply different. An atom does not behave like a weight hanging on a spring and
oscillating. Nor does it behave like a miniature representation of the solar
system with little planets going around in orbits. Nor does it appear to be
somewhat like a cloud or fog of some sort surrounding the nucleus. It behaves
like nothing you have seen before.
There is one simplification at
least. Electrons behave in this respect in exactly the same way as photons;
they are both screwy, but in exactly the same way.
How they behave, therefore, takes
a great deal of imagination to appreciate, because we are going to describe
something which is different from anything you know about. In that respect at
least this is perhaps the most difficult lecture of the series, in the sense
that it is abstract, in the sense that it is not close to experience. I cannot
avoid that. Were I to give a series of lectures on the character of physical
law, and to leave out from this series the description of the actual behaviour
of particles on a small scale, I would certainly not be doing the job. This
thing is completely characteristic of all of the particles of nature, and of a
universal character, so if you want to hear about the character of physical law
it is essential to talk about this particular aspect.
It will be difficult. But the
difficulty really is psychological and exists in the perpetual torment that
results from your saying to yourself, "But how can it be like that?"
which is a reflection of uncontrolled but utterly vain desire to see it in
terms of something familiar. I will not describe it in terms of an analogy with
something familiar; I will simply describe it. There was a time when the
newspapers said that only twelve men understood the theory of relativity. I do
not believe there ever was such a time. There might have been a time when only
one man did, because he was the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his
paper. But after people read the paper a lot of people understood the theory of
relativity in some way or other, certainly more than twelve. On the other hand,
I think I can safely say that nobody understands quantum mechanics. So do not take the lecture too seriously, feeling that you
really have to understand in terms of some model what I am going to describe,
but just relax and enjoy it. I am going to tell you what nature behaves like.
If you will simply admit that maybe she does behave like this, you will find
her a delightful, entrancing thing. Do not keep saying to yourself, if you
can possible avoid it, "But how can it be like that?" because you
will get 'down the drain', into a blind alley from which nobody has escaped.
Nobody knows how it can be like that.
- Richard P. Feynman, The Messenger
Lectures, 1964, MIT, published as: Feynman, Richard (1994/1965). The
Character of Physical Law. Modern Library.
ISBN 0679601279.
Everything we call real is made of
things that cannot be regarded as real.
- Niels Bohr
Those who are not shocked when
they first come across quantum theory cannot possibly have understood it.
- Niels Bohr
If you are not completely confused
by quantum mechanics, you do not understand it.
- John Wheeler
If it is correct, it signifies the
end of physics as a science.
- Albert Einstein
I do not like it, and I am sorry I
ever had anything to do with it.
- Erwin Schrdinger
Quantum mechanics is magic.
- Daniel Greenberger
Quantum mechanics makes absolutely
no sense.
- Roger Penrose